Amoebas, in the narrowest sense of the word (the genus), are found in freshwater, typically on decaying vegetation from streams, but are not especially common in nature. However, because of the ease with which they may be obtained and kept in the lab, they are common objects of study, both as representative protozoa and to demonstrate cell structure and function. The cells have several lobose pseudopods, with one large tubular pseudopod at the anterior and several secondary ones branching to the sides.

Similar to other protozoans, Amoeba reproduces asexually either by mitosis or cytokinesis. Under forceful division of Amoeba, the portion that contains nucleus survives, while the portions without nucleus die. When Amoeba is exposed to lethal environment, it turns into a dormant form, known as Amoebic cyst. It continues to remain in the cyst form until it encounters normal environmental conditions.

Amoeba is extremely sensitive to stimuli, which is evident from shrinkage or expansion of cell, depending on the surrounding condition. The vacuoles are responsible for maintaining the osmotic pressure inside the cell. When Amoeba is kept in a hypertonic saline solution (concentrated), the cell shrinks and prevents entry of salt. On the contrary, when it is exposed to hypotonic freshwater, Amoeba cell expands and swells.

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